Bacterial infection and tissue damage caused by friction are two major threats to patients’ health in medical catheter implantation. Hydrogels with antibacterial and lubrication effects are competitive candidates for catheter coating materials. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a highly efficient bactericidal method. Here, a composite hydrogel containing MXene nanosheets and hydrophilic 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMK) is reported, which is synthesized through the one-pot method and heat-initiated polymerization. The hydrogel shows excellent antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in 3 min in the air or 20 min in the water environment under near-infrared light (NIR; 808 nm) irradiation. The friction coefficient of the hydrogel is about 0.11, which is 48% lower than that without SPMK. The rapid photothermal sterilization is attributed to the outstanding antibacterial ability and thermal effect of photoactivated MXene. The ultra-low friction is the result of the hydration lubrication mechanism. This study provides a potential strategy for the surface coatings of biomedical catheters, which enables rapid sterilization and extremely low interface resistance between catheters and biological tissues.