The corrosion–wear coupling damage failure of 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel under marine atmospheric conditions significantly limits aeroengine bearing applications. The present work aims to investigate the evolution of the corrosion–wear properties of 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel at varied corrosion intervals and estimate the corrosion–wear interaction (CWI) effect. Neutral salt spray tests combined with tribological experiments were employed to explore the effect of corrosion on wear and the influence of wear on corrosion, and a quantitative characterization method of corrosion–wear interactions was proposed by establishing the component relationships of material losses in the corrosion–wear process. The results indicate that the corrosion rates initially increase and then decrease, ultimately resulting in a pattern characterized by predominant total corrosion and nested localized corrosion. The corroded surfaces tremendously influence the friction coefficient curves at the third stage, and a synergistic acceleration effect exists in the CWI behavior of 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel under the action of corrosion and wear. A sample corroded for 6 h displayed the significant facilitative effect of corrosion on wear, exhibiting the highest CWI ratio and a greater total mass loss primarily attributed to corrosion. This study offers a significant reference for the quantitative assessment of the tribo-corrosion properties of bearings in a marine atmospheric environment.