With the constant progress in industrial technology, titanium alloy has been widely applied in fields such as aerospace, medical equipment, automotive manufacturing and ocean engineering because of its excellent performance due to its light weight and high strength. However, the shortcomings of titanium alloy, such as low hardness, poor wear resistance, and easy oxidation at high temperatures, limit its application range. Laser cladding technology, as an effective means of surface modification, greatly improves the surface properties of titanium alloy by preparing coatings with specific functions on the surface. In this paper, the research progress of laser cladding technology on the titanium alloy surface is reviewed, including the basic principle of laser cladding, process methods, selection of cladding materials, factors affecting the quality of the laser cladding layer and the development and application of functional coatings. Special attention is paid to the research status of wear-resistant coating, corrosion-resistant coating, high-temperature and oxidation-resistant coating and coating for biological applications, and the development trend and future research direction of laser cladding technology are discussed, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the preparation of high-performance titanium alloy coating.