Aiming at the phenomenon that nanosilver lubricants are prone to agglomeration and sedimentation, the influence of different anions and cations in ionic liquids on the adsorption capacity of nanosilver particles is studied, and three ionic liquids with different structures are selected to improve the agglomeration of nanosilver particles in lubricants and to improve the anti-wear performance of lubricants; the dispersive performance of different ionic liquids is studied using quantum chemical simulation methods to study the adsorption and dispersion mechanism of nanosilver. The tribological properties of the three different ionic liquids in combination with the nanosilver lubricant were investigated using a multifunctional friction and wear tester and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results show that hexyltributylphosphine hexafluorophosphate ([P4446][PF6]) can stabilise the dispersion of nanosilver lubricant and solve the problem of agglomeration and sedimentation due to its strong adsorption cation, which is attributed to its high adsorption and the synergistic effect of friction chemistry, and its anionic intermixing is good, and the ionic liquids have excellent anti-friction and wear reduction properties. It is shown that the design and utilisation of functional ionic liquids with the compound effect of nanosilver particles can effectively improve the dispersion of nanosilver as a lubricant additive. Graphic Abstract