Friction-induced stick–slip vibrations (FISSV) commonly occur in mechanical systems, posing risks to equipment like high-speed train brakes, causing instability, and threatening safety. To address this, we propose using textured surfaces of friction pairs to suppress FISSV. Through simulations on a friction testing machine, we explored the impact of surface texturing on FISSV. The results indicate that surface texturing significantly influences interfacial wear debris flow and contact characteristics, thereby regulating FISSV behavior. Textured surfaces better collect and store debris, reducing its involvement in friction and forming larger contact platform of metal substrate. This increases interface contact stiffness, preventing FISSV. A combination of macro-grooves and microtextures was particularly effective. Thus, appropriate surface texturing design can enhance system stability and reliability by effectively suppressing FISSV.