Design/methodology/approach Inspired by the structural characteristics of the scales of crucian carp, TC4 matrix bionic self-lubricating composites (TMBSC) were prepared by filling SnAgCu and MXene-Nb2C in the bionic fan-shaped texture of TC4 alloy. The tribological, vibration and noise properties of the TMBSC are systematically studied. Findings Compared with TC4 alloy, the average friction coefficient, average wear loss and equivalent sound pressure level of TMBSC are reduced by 31.1%, 93.3% and 7.38%, respectively. The addition of Nb2C can enhance the bearing capacity of lubricating film. The sliding effect of Nb2C promotes the diffusion of SnAgCu on the worn surface. The excellent synergistic effects of bionic texture and SnAgCu-Nb2C enable the TMBSC to acquire outstanding tribological and vibration reduction properties, which is primarily achieved by reducing rough contact, breaking the continuity of contact interface and facilitating the formation of a complete and stable lubrication film. Originality/value This work provides a valuable reference for the tribological and vibration reduction design of moving parts by the method of bionic self-lubricating. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2025-0041/