Design/methodology/approach Dry sliding friction experiments were carried out on 3Cr3Mo2MnV steel with different isothermal quenching temperatures and holding times, and its wear resistance was tested by setting different reciprocating friction frequencies. Findings Lower isothermal temperature promotes bainite nucleation, which is helpful to refine bainite lath and improve the uniformity of microstructure, thus, improving the toughness and strength of bainite structure of sample steel and effectively resisting the damage of worn surface caused by impact load and abrasive particles. Under the condition of high reciprocating friction frequency, the dense oxide film on the surface formed at high temperature leads to a small wear rate. Therefore, the microstructure with both hardness and oxide film forming ability can show better wear resistance. Originality/value The microstructure of 3Cr3Mo2MnV steel can be improved by optimizing isothermal quenching process, and its tribological properties can be significantly improved, which provides a basis for the application of high-speed precision bearings. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2024-0439/