This paper presents numerical and experimental studies into the wear characteristics and lubrication properties of Cu-based friction pairs containing Cu@C particles. A hybrid elastohydrodynamic lubrication model of rough surface contact is established, incorporating equations that consider factors such as micro-asperity contact and particle loading. Tribological tests were carried out by means of a pin-on-disc testing method on a tribometer with transmission lubricating oil for the Cu-based friction material. It has been ascertained that the friction coefficient lessens with the rise in relative sliding velocity and, within a certain range, decreases with increasing load. Numerical calculations indicate that dynamic pressure oil film dominance in load-carrying is influenced by the mass fraction of the particles, which affects the pressure carried by the particles. The worn surface exhibits features such as furrows and particle debris, with reduction of surface roughness. The research results offer a theoretical and experimental foundation for the research on lubrication and wear phenomena in Cu-based friction pairs containing Cu@C particles.