Friction and wear always induce large energy dissipation and failure of the components. Therefore, decreasing friction and wear has become one of the most important topics in both material and mechanical fields. In our previous work, some superlubricious states were established for the MoS 2/H-DLC composite by forming some oxygen-doped MoS 2 transfer film on the counterpart with the assistance of oxygen in the surrounding environment. Until now, nevertheless, the effects of oxygen content in the oxygen-doped MoS 2 on the tribological performance of the composite are still unclear. Herein, some oxidized MoS 2 flakes with different oxygen contents (MoS xO y) and their corresponding H-DLC composite (MoS xO y/H-DLC) were prepared by the thermal oxidation and drop-casting method, respectively. The tribological performance of these MoS xO y/H-DLC was investigated, and the composition and structures of the as-formed wear tracks and scars were revealed systematically. The results demonstrated that all these MoS xO y/H-DLC composites could establish superlubricity or get close to the critical value of 0.010 in inert and active atmospheres, nevertheless, the friction coefficient showed dramatic changes in inert gases, such as N 2 and Ar. These findings in this work can provide some helpful advice for the achievement of the low friction in multi-environments.