The tribocorrosion degradation of 316L stainless steel components critically impacts the operational reliability and service longevity of chemical reactors and food processing machinery. While the tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in neutral and alkaline media has been extensively studied, systematic investigations in acidic environments, particularly addressing the coupled effects of electrochemical potential and solution acidity, remain limited. Thus, this study comprehensively investigated the tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in H 2SO 4 solutions under different electrochemical potentials at varying pH levels. Surface topographical and chemical analyses were adopted to evaluate the wear loss and understand the tribocorrosion mechanism. The results showed that not only chemical wear, but also the mechanical wear was markedly affected by the applied electrochemical potential. In addition, the variation of chemical and mechanical wear with passive potential showed strong dependence on the solution pH. A tribocorrosion mechanism that considers passive film thickness and selective dissolution of Fe oxide/hydroxide was proposed, which successfully explained the comprehensive influence of electrochemical potential and solution pH. These findings provide critical insights for material selection and tribocorrosion protection strategies of stainless steels used in acidic industrial environments.