Bioresorbable mechanical sensors herald a transformative era in clinical monitoring technologies by enabling transient physiological assessments while circumventing secondary surgical interventions. This comprehensive review systematically examines cutting-edge advancements in bioresorbable sensor development through three critical dimensions: fundamental design principles, advanced material innovations, and emerging clinical applications. Contemporary sensor architectures have successfully adapted established transduction mechanisms-including piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric modalities-each demonstrating distinct advantages in specific biomedical contexts. Material selection has predominantly focused on bioresorbable metals and polymers, where their tunable degradation profiles and mechanical compliance meet rigorous clinical requirements. Cardiovascular monitoring, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and intracranial detection have emerged as prominent application domains, with significant progress achieved in continuous pressure sensing and biomechanical tracking. Furthermore, encapsulation and energy supply strategies are also discussed in detail. This review critically synthesizes recent breakthroughs in bioresorbable mechanical sensing technology, providing critical insights for guiding future innovations in medical device development.