Vane pumps, characterized by high-efficiency, compact size, and high-pressure resistance, are widely utilized in petrochemical, aerospace, and other high-technology sectors. However, conventional radial vane pumps rely on centrifugal force to maintain vane-cam ring engagement, which inherently limits their performance under low rotational speeds. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel axial vane pump design. Based on structural and dynamic analyses, a sinusoidal curve was selected as the reference profile for the stator’s spiral. Three-dimensional (3D)-modeled key components were analyzed to validate the structural rationality of the proposed design. A prototype of the axial vane pump was fabricated, and an operational performance test system was established. Experimental results demonstrate that the pump maintains stable flow output across varying speeds, with a distinct linear relationship between flow rate and rotational speed. Wear analysis further reveals that enhancing the filtration system’s purification capacity and maintaining lubricant medium stability are critical for extending equipment service life and improving operational reliability. This study provides a promising approach for the structural innovation and performance enhancement of vane pumps, offering valuable insights for future research and engineering applications.