As a novel energy harvesting technology, tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) exhibit remarkable application potential in powering miniaturized electronic devices owing to their high current density and direct-current output characteristics. However, the inherent interfacial friction-induced wear has critically constrained the stability, durability, and energy conversion efficiency of TVNGs, posing a fundamental technical challenge for their scalable applications. In this study, interfacial lubrication technology was introduced by leveraging the unique structural features of two-dimensional layered materials. The contact characteristics at friction interfaces were systematically regulated to minimize mechanical wear while improving the proportion of mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, thereby enhancing both durability and energy conversion efficiency of TVNGs. After incorporating graphene aqueous dispersion, the interfacial friction coefficient was reduced to one-sixth of its original value, accompanied by significantly mitigated wear of TVNGs with negligible output fluctuation after 10,000 operation cycles. Meanwhile, the interfacial lubrication enabled the output performance of TVNGs to be enhanced by a factor of four, with the energy conversion efficiency being improved by a factor of 47. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the energy conversion efficiency of TVNGs, which is anticipated to accelerate their practical applications in next-generation self-powered systems.