Extraction of U(VI) from waters has recently been considered a promising way towards solving the energy and environmental issues. To enhance the extraction efficiency, various ways have been adopted, while most of them rely on extra energy, which enhances the extraction cost. In this work, a friction-assisted piezocatalytic strategy is proposed to enhance the extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solutions under simulated vibration and dynamic conditions that mimic natural environments. As an example, a diatomite/C 3N 4 nanocomposite is fabricated and utilized as a catalyst, and the extraction rate of U(VI) reaches 95.7% within 3   h under 120   W ultrasonication and stirring. The research on the catalytic mechanism shows that ·O 2 - and H 2O 2 play a dominant role in the catalytic process. The modification of C 3N 4 on diatomite was found to enhance the generation of micro-nano bubbles, and then the bubbles were subjected to the relative movement to produce free radicals to facilitate the catalysis of U(VI). The U(VI)-containing product was proved to be UO 4. This work has provided a low-cost and highly efficient catalyst, offering a new insight into designing low-cost synergistic catalysts for the extraction of U(VI) in aqueous solutions.