Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) is suffering poor wear resistance, thus failing to satisfy the requirements of practical applications. Laser shock peening (LSP), as an attractive surface treatment process, can improve the surface properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Although LSP enhances strength, the improvement in plasticity remains limited. Thus, we report a strategy combining LSP and low-temperature heat treatment (HT) that can achieve a superior strength-ductility balance, thereby improving the tribology property of Ti-6Al-4V alloy formed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This work investigated the microstructure, hardness, and tribological behavior of LPBF manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy under LSP + HT treatments. Results illustrated that the wear rate of the LPBF-built sample was reduced by 17.55 % from 0.000638 mm 3 (N m) −1 to 0.000526 mm 3 (N m) −1 subjected to LSP + HT treatments, indicating that LSP + HT samples revealed excellent tribological properties. Compared with the as-received specimens, the LSP + HT specimens showed a significant increased by 15.38 % from 350.98 to 404.9 in the hardness and GND density increased by 77.41 % from 4.56 × 10 14/m 2 to 8.09 × 10 14/m 2. Microstructural analysis post-wear testing revealed the presence of nanograins on the surface layer of both the as-received and LSP + HT samples. The surface layer of the LSP + HT specimens after friction yielded a gradient structure covered with tribo-layer consisting of nanocrystals layer, deformed-grains layer and coarse-grains layer, thus improving the wear resistance of the as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy.