Effect of rotating magnetic field on dual-interface phenomenon and photothermal conversion performance of nano-enhanced phase change material

This study experimentally investigated the dual-interface phenomenon and the photothermal performance of Fe₃O₄ nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCMs) under the effect of a rotating magnetic field (RMF). A dedicated experimental platform was established, mainly consisting of a rotating stage, magnet, and a solar simulator, to study the dynamic evolution of the melting interface as well as heat storage performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the application of RMF induces the dual-interface phenomenon and significantly enhances the thermal performance of NEPCMs. The dual-interface phenomenon is essentially driven by the dynamic Kelvin force from RMF, which non-contactly manipulates Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to regulate solid-liquid interface dynamics and local heat transfer, forming differentiated interfacial regions. The novelty of the RMF coupling method lies in its non-contact stirring feature, avoiding mechanical wear and contamination issues of traditional contact enhancement approaches, thus enabling controllable thermal performance regulation without disrupting NEPCMs’ intrinsic phase change behavior. Under rotating magnetic fields with different rotational speeds, NEPCMs all exhibit better thermal performance than that without a rotating magnetic field, which demonstrates the application value of the rotating magnetic field. Among samples with different Fe₃O₄ mass fractions, the 3   wt% NEPCM shows optimal thermal performance due to the balance between photothermal contribution and viscous resistance, while excessive loading impairs the enhancement effect. Additionally, the RMF strategy exhibits good adaptability to relatively high solar intensities. This work confirms RMF’s significant non-contact enhancement effect on latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems, providing insights for designing novel LHTES systems.

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