The research systematically analyzed the microstructural characteristics, microhardness, tribological properties, and slurry erosion resistance of TiC-reinforced FeNiCoCr composite coatings produced via laser cladding (LC) and further modified by laser remelting (LR). The findings showed that the phase composition of the coatings remained unchanged after LR treatment, with both LC and LR coatings displaying a combination of FCC + TiC phases. Nevertheless, the LR treatment significantly affected the distribution and size of the TiC particles. Compared with the LC coating, the TiC particles in the LR coating were more uniformly distributed and exhibited smaller sizes, effectively avoiding particle agglomeration and thereby improving the interfacial bonding between TiC and the FeNiCoCr matrix. The LR treatment promoted recrystallization, resulting in grain refinement and the formation of preferred orientation. The mean grain size reduced from 6.42 to 4.99 μm, the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) rose to 61.5%, and the stress uniformity within the coating was also improved. The microhardness test revealed that the microhardness of the LR coating reached 470.8 ± 5 HV0.2, more than twice that of the substrate, indicating a significant strengthening effect. In the wear tests, the specific wear rate of the LR coating was only 2.15 × 10−5 mm3/N·m, which was significantly lower than that of the LC coating and the substrate, indicating a remarkable improvement in wear resistance. Under slurry erosion conditions, the LR coating also exhibited lower mass loss and slower loss progression, with a slurry erosion rate of 11.75 ± 0.65 mg/m2·h, which was 53.7% and 40.9% lower than that of the substrate and the LC coating, respectively. In summary, the LR treatment significantly enhanced the microhardness, wear resistance, and slurry erosion resistance of TiC-reinforced FeNiCoCr composite coatings prepared by LC, demonstrating its great potential for high-performance coating applications. Graphical Abstract