Abstract— A multicriteria approach to the comprehensive analysis of the tribotechical characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of vegetable oils has been suggested for their comparison and selection as a lubricant base. Edible oils—refined rapeseed (RR), unrefined linseed (LO), and refined sunflower (RS)—were studied as well as industrial oils—rapeseed (RT) and castor (CT). Their fatty acid composition, viscosity index, flash and pour points, oxidative stability, friction coefficient, wear index, critical load, and welding load were analyzed. The objects of analysis were represented as points in the multidimensional space of their normalized physical and mechanical properties and tribotechical characteristics. An integrated criterion for comparison of oils as a measure of distance to a hypothetically inferior sample has been suggested. This allowed the oils to be ranked by suitability as a lubricant base (from best to worst): RT, LO, CT, RR, and SO. The position of oils in the principal component space was determined, and the directions and magnitudes of load vectors on the oil characteristics were established. A correlation between the physical and mechanical properties and tribotechical characteristics was revealed, which allowed these indicators to be related to the characteristics of the oils’ fatty acid composition. Based on the analysis of oil positions in the principal component space, the conclusion on the potential for developing a composition of RT, CT, and LO oils with a possible synergistic effect for improving load-carrying capacity, oxidative stability, and viscosity-temperature properties has been drawn. The results obtained can be used to develop effective biodegradable lubricants based on the plant-based raw materials.