Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LRLO) are considered promising cathode candidates for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, severe capacity/voltage fading and poor rate performance hinder their practical application. Herein, a microstructure engineering strategy is put forward to design the unique bayberry-like Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 (LRLO-S) cathode material, composed of a spherical core and the shell self-assembled by radially oriented nanorods with intrinsic rapid electron and ion transport capability, benefiting to increase the electrochemical reaction kinetics during cycling. Meanwhile, the radial texturing of the nanorods in shell layer forms a natural protective interface constituted by thermodynamically stable (003) planes, resisting electrolyte corrosion effectively. Furthermore, the configuration of orderly self-assembled nanorods can effectively regulate the stress and strain to stabilize the lattice framework, finally improves the cycling stability of LRLO. As a result, the elaborately designed LRLO-S cathode delivers remarkable high-rate long-term cycling stability with high capacity retentions of 91.2% after 500 cycles at 1 C and of 81.3% after 1000 cycles at 5 C. More importantly, the voltage stability is enhanced greatly with a superior retention of 89.6% after cycling 500 times at 1 C. Here a valuable strategy is provided to develop intrinsic mechanically robust high-performance Li-rich-layered cathode materials for advanced LIBs.