In recent years, there has been significant attention on the application potential of medium and high-temperature self-lubricating composites as sliding parts in extreme environments. This study examines the effects of different Mo and Ag content on the composition and wear resistance of Ni60-cladded coatings at room temperature, 300 °C and 600 °C, while also analyzing their wear mechanism by studying the tribofilm. The results indicate that with an appropriate weight addition of Mo and Ag, one typical lubricant called Ag 2MoO 4 emerges. At room temperature, the cladding layer containing 5 wt.% Mo and 5 wt.% Ag exhibits a wear rate of 2.08 × 10 −6 mm 3/Nm, and an average coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.3410. These two are 85% and 11% lower than those of the Ni60 cladding layer, respectively. At 300 °C, MoO 3 and Cr 2MoO 6 act as solid lubricants. Furthermore, at 600 °C, a MoSi 2 and SiO 2 film forms on the worn surface to prevent further oxidation of MoSi 2 and enhance oxidation resistance. The main wear mechanism is adhesion wear. Under higher temperatures, the newly formed Ag 2MoO 4 in the composite cladding layer adopts a layered cubic spinel structure where low-energy Ag-O bonds preferentially break during friction processes, demonstrating excellent lubrication performance.