润滑科技信息平台

专利摘要

An extreme-pressure lubricating composition comprises a lubricating oil having a viscosity between 30 and 55 S.U.S. at 210 DEG F., 0.5-6 per cent by weight of pentachlorphenol and 0.5-10 per cent by weight of an oil-soluble trialkyl, triaryl, dialkyl monoaryl, or monoalkyl diaryl phosphate or phosphite. Suitable phosphates or phosphites are tributyl, triphenyl, tricresyl, dicresyl monobutyl and monophenyl dibutyl phosphates or phosphites. The composition may contain additional ingredients such as corrosion inhibitors, detergents and antioxidants. In the examples, mineral lubricating oil compositions are described containing pentachlorphenol and tributyl or tricresyl phosphate. For comparison purposes, mineral lubricating oil compositions are described containing (a) phosphosulphurized bright stock, (b) chlorinated camphene, (c) a mixture of chlorinated paraffin wax and dibenzyl disulphide or (d) pentachlorphenol. ......

基本信息

专利类型:
发明专利
申请/专利号:
GB1955004455
申请日期:
1955-02-15
专利申请人:
埃克森研究工程公司
分类号:
-
发明/设计人:
JENSEN HANS CHRISTIAN HENRY
权利要求: What we claim is:-1 Extreme-pressure lubricating compositions comprising a lubricating oil having a viscosity between 30 and 55 S U S at 210 F, from 0.5 % to 6 % by weight of pentachlorphenol and 0 5 % to 10 % by weight of an oil-soluble tri-alkyl, tri-aryl, dialkylmonoaryl or monoalkyldiaryl phosphate or phosphite.2 Compositions as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the said phosphate or phosphite is tri-butyl phosphate or phosphite 90 3 Compositions as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the said phosphate or phosphite is a tri-cresyl phosphate or phosphite.4 Compositions as claimed in any of Claims 2 to 3 wherein the said lubricating oil 95 is an S A E SW grade lubricating oil.Compositions as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the ratio of the pentachlorphenol to the said phosphate or phosphite is between 1:1 and 1: 3 by weight.6 A lubricating composition comprising a lubricating oil having a viscosity between 35 and 45 S U S at 210 F, from O 5 % to 6 by weight of pentachlorphenol, and 0 5 %O to % by weight of tri-butyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate.7 Improved lubricating compositions as O 10 hereinbefore described.K J VERYARD, 33, Davies Street, London, W 1, Agent for the Applicants.PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION Improved Lubricating Compositions We, Esso RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, a corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare this invention to be described in the following statement: The present invention relates to low-viscosity lubricating compositions which may be used under extreme-pressure conditions.Many instances occur in engineering installations where extreme-pressure lubrication is to be effected Such conditions may occur in hypoid gear installations, automobile gear boxes, and worm drives It is essential that compositions for lubricating extreme-pressure surfaces should not only have adequate failure and shock-load and wear characteristics, but should also be non-corrosive to bearings and other parts, e g copper-containing components, or the bronze gears such as are found in worm drives.Hitherto it has been the practice to use thick lubricating oils, fortified with various additives, for extreme-pressure lubrication By thick oils is meant lubricating oils having a viscosity of about 75 S U S at 210 F, such as the S A E 90 grade lubricating oils Such oils do not have sufficient failure or shock load, or wear-resisting properties when used alone, under extreme-pressure conditions.Additives commonly used to impart such properties include sulphurized oils, phospho-sulphurized oils or compounds, sulphur and chlorine-containing compounds such as chlorodibenzyldisulphide, and dibenzyldisulphide, chlorinated waxes, or mixtures thereof Most of the additives used contain sulphur in one form or another.While such oil compositions have been generally successful in meeting the extreme pressure requirements, they do suffer from some disadvantages, Thus the inherently high viscosity of previously used lubricating cornm positions results in absorption of considerable amounts of energy in moving one metal surface over the other, and this factor becomes increasingly important at low operating temperatures Further, the corrosive nature of sulphur-containing extreme-pressure lubricants towards such metals as copper precludes their use in installations containing such metals or their alloys, e g bronzes.The present invention is concerned with an extreme-pressure lubricating oil of relatively low viscosity, which has adequate load-carrying properties, and including failure-load and anti-wear properties, and which is non-corro 70 sive The low viscosity of the lubricants of the present invention makes them particularly usetul, in that much less work is required to move adjacent surfaces, lubricated by such oils, than has hitherto been necessary, and this leads to 75 better fuel consumption of engines.Many of the sulphur-containing additive compounds hitherto used for imparting extreme-pressure properties to previously-used high-viscosity lubricating oils are found to be g O ineffective when incorporated in the low-viscosity oils of the present invention, as hereinafter described By low-viscosity oils is meant those lubricating oils having a viscosity of from 30 to 55 S U S at 210 ' F particularly 85 those having a viscosity of 35 to 4 > S U S at 210 ' F, e g the S A E 5 W grade type oils.These latter are defined as having a maximum viscosity of 4000 S U S at O F.The properties of gear oils may be deter O O mined by means of the S A E Lubricant Tester, a standard method of test for gear oils, wherein two containing metal cups rotate at relative speeds to each other under a variable load Failure load determinations may be 95 carried out by steadily increasing the load between the cups at a given relative speed It has been found also that the shock-loading characteristics of a gear oil are to some extent related to the failure-load as determined by 100 the above S A E method Wear and endurance tests may be carried out by measuring the loss of weight of the cups over protracted periods of time, together with such characteristics as the degree of burnishing, rippling and pitting 105 In carrying out the above tests, the relative speed of rotation of the cups is termed the rubbing-rolling ratio ".To demonstrate the effect of using a priorart extreme-pressure lubricant additive in a 110 low-viscosity oil, the following blends were made up, using as a base oil a dewaxed distillate lubricating oil having a viscosity of 40 S.U S at 210 F.Blend "A" base oil+ 10, by weight of 115 an additive blend of 90 % O phosphosulphurized bright stock L 778,818 5 Blend "B" base oil + 3 % by weight of Bln " Toxaphene.Blend "C" base oil+ 9 % by weight of a mixture of chlorinated wax Be 5 nd" and dibenzyldisulphide.Blend "D" base oil + 3 % by weight of pentachlorphenol.These blends were tested to failure in an S.AlE machine, as described above, at a speed of 1000 r p m, and a rubbing-rolling 10 ratio of 14 1:1 The stability of the blends was also established, being expressed as the no of days standing required to produce a trace of sludge at 140 F 10 days is required as a minimum 15 The results of the tests are given in Table I.TABLE I S.A E failure load Stability of Blend 1000 r p m 14 6:1 ratio blend in days A Failed during starting of machine 2 B, I ,,,,, 30 + C 160 lbs 30 + D 275 lbs 30 + It will be observed from Table I that the sulphur-containing conventional extreme-pressure additives were ineffective or of moderate performance when used in the low-viscosity oil.The pentachlorphenol additive gave a good figure for failure load under S A E conditions, but when tested under S A E wear and endurance condition, it was found that pentachlor phenol displayed little anti-wear property.Blends "C" and " D " were tested on the S.A E machine for wear and endurance, under conditions simulating the CRC-L-20, high 35 torque low-speed axle test, and the results are given in Table II.TABLE II Total loss of Surface Rating wt of cups in mg Top Cup Bottom Cup bb a ba Blend"C" 56 HL H L O O HOIHO O Blend"D" 357 OOTHTO O OTHM O N.B O=None, T=trace, I=incipient L=light, M=medium, H=heavy.It will be noted from Table II that the blend containing pentachlorphenol gave excessively heavy wear under the test conditions.It has now been discovered that light lubricating oils, defined as those having a viscosity between 30 and 55 S U S at 210 F, may be used under extreme-pressure conditions by incorporating into such lubricants from 0 5 % to 6 % by weight of pentachlorphenol, and from 0 5 % to 10 % by weight of an oil-soluble, tri-substituted alkyl, or aryl, or alkyloaryl phosphate or phosphite, the weight per cent being based on the total composition.It is preferred that in the blends of the present invention the ratio of the pentachlorphenol to the said phosphate or phosphite should be between 1:1 and 1: 3 by weight.The alkyl phosphate or phosphite should preferably contain from 3 to 12 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, and more preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms The preferred alkyl compounds are tributyl phosphate or phosphite.The preferred aryl compounds are tri-cresyl or tri-phenyl phosphate or phosphite.The present invention therefore comprises 70 an extreme-pressure lubricating composition comprising a lubricating oil having a viscosity between 30 and 55 S U S at 210 F having incorporated therein from 0 5 % to 6 % by weight of pentachlorphenol, and 0 5 % to 10 % 75 by weight of an oil-soluble tri-substituted alkyl or aryl or alkyl-aryl phosphate or phosphite.The compositions of the present invention may contain any conventional lubricating oil additive, including corrosion-inhibiting addi 80 tives.The properties of the blends of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing A blend of a lubricating oil of viscosity 40 S U S at 210 F containing 3 % by 85 778,818 I 5 778,818 weight of pentachlorphenol was tested for wear and endurance on the S A E machine as hereinbefore described, the test conditions simulating the CRC-L-20 high-torque low-speed axle test The weight loss was 357 mgs The addition of varying amounts of tricresyl-phosphate and of tri-butylphosphate effected substantial reductions in the anti-wear properties of the blends, as shown in the curves of the accompanying drawing.To demonstrate that the low-viscosity compositions of the present invention possess the properties necessary to conform to the standard met by prior-art high-viscosity lubricants,-the following inspections were made on a blend of a dewaxed distillate lubricating oil having a viscosity of 40 S U S at 210 F, and containing 3 %, pentachlorphenol and 6 '%/ of tricresyl phosphate The results are given in Table III, and are compared with similar Z 2 inspections of the same base oil containing 3 % pentachlorphenol only, and with the requirements of the MIL-L-2105 Specification for an S A E 90 type of hypoid gear oil.TABLE III 3 % 3 % pentachloro MIL-L-2105 Pentachloro phenol; 6 %, tri Specification E.P additives phenol cresyl phosphate for S A E -90 Kinematic viscosity at 210 F 23 6 23 3 F 4 1 4 1 15 6-18 3 Viscosity index 69 66 85 min.Flash point F 355 370 325 min.Pourpoint, F + 15 + 25 Channelling at O F None None None Foaming (CRC-L-12) Seq 1, ml foam Nil Nil 650 max.Seq 2, ml foam Nil Nil 650 max.Cu corrosion ( 1 hour at 250 F) 1 2 9 max.Ferrous protection (CRC-L-13) No rust No rust No rust Storage solubility (CRC-L-22) % sludge 0 10 0 13 0 25 max.Thermal storage stability days ( 1) 30 + 30 + ( 1) Days to produce no more than a trace of sludge at 140 F 10 days are required as a minimum.It will be observed from Table III that the composition of the present invention conforms with the Specification MIL-L-2105, except for viscosity.K J VERYARD, 33, Davies Street, London, W 1, Agent for the Applicants.Leamington Spa: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by the Courier Press,-1957.Published at the Patent Office, 25, Southampton Buildings, London, W C 2, from which copies may be obtained.