Textile dyeing based on structural colors has attracted great attention due to its environmental friendliness and long-lasting color fastness. However, most studies on structural colored fabrics focus on only improving the color and stability of the fabric, neglecting the increasing demand for multifunctional textiles in daily life. Herein, a simple and effective method was used for preparing conductive structural colored cotton fabrics with nonangle-dependent colors and dynamic thermal management. To prepare structural color nanospheres with higher color rendering, PMMA nanospheres were coated with black PDA. The conductive structural colored fabric was obtained by self-assembling PMMA@PDA nanospheres onto MXene-modified cotton fabric through a simple blade coating method. The prepared conductive structural colored textile retains its softness and demonstrates good electrothermal performance and durable color fastness through washing, friction, and durability tests. This work provides a novel approach for creating bifunctional structural colored textiles that are suitable for electrothermal applications.