Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), with its ability to adapt to the human body and movements while converting mechanical energy into electricity, has been widely used in constructing the self-powered antibacterial systems, thereby fostering innovations in the antibacterial field. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in antibacterial TENG, detailing its working principles, antibacterial mechanisms and fabrication routes. The applications of antibacterial TENG in the realms of wound healing, wearable electronic devices, implantable biomedical devices, water sterilization and air purification are also well summarized. Finally, the challenges confronted by antibacterial TENG are outlined and future trajectories for this burgeoning field are projected.