To address the issues of low adhesion strength, easy delamination, and inadequate wear resistance of CVD diamond coatings on substrates, this study employed the BEHFCVD technique to deposit diamond films with varying silicon doping levels on the spherical surfaces of cemented carbide. In combination with laser micro-texturing technology, four types of structured coatings were fabricated: untextured (UDUTD), circular ring-shaped (CArRSi-DD), linear (LArRSi-DD), and spiral (SArRSi-DD). The effects of different doping levels and texture morphologies on the coating's microstructure, adhesion strength, and tribological performance were systematically analyzed using SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and indentation testing. The results revealed that when the silicon doping concentration reached 50,000 ppm, the grain size was most uniform, the D-band intensity was strongest, and the indentation diameter was smallest, indicating the optimal overall coating performance. Texturing treatment significantly improved coating–substrate adhesion; among the samples, LArRSi-DD exhibited the highest bonding strength, while SArRSi-DD showed the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. Compared with UDUTD, the average friction coefficient of SArRSi-DD decreased from 0.45 to 0.10, and the wear rate was reduced by approximately 96.8 %. These findings demonstrate that silicon doping and micro-texturing have a pronounced synergistic effect, effectively enhancing the interfacial reliability and wear resistance of spherical diamond coatings, thereby providing theoretical support for the design of high-performance cutting tools.