Severe friction and adhesion in titanium alloy machining driven by poor thermal and chemical properties accelerate tool wear and reduce machining efficiency. Surface texturing and nanofluid lubrication are employed as effective strategies to mitigate the friction and wear of the surface and interface. In this study, inspired by shorebird beak and spider silk structures, surface textures were designed through simulation and corresponding bionic three-tiered textures (TT) were prepared on cemented carbide surfaces. To investigate the synergistic effect of TT textures and MoS 2 nanofluids, sliding friction tests of cemented carbide against TC4 balls were conducted on a ball-on-disk tribometer. Results show that the self-transport speed of droplets in the optimized TT sample was increased by 11.6% compared to a conical texture (CT) sample, as confirmed by simulation. The friction coefficient of the TT sample lubricated with 1.0   wt.% MoS 2 nanofluids was effectively reduced by 43.7% compared to that of a smooth surface (SS) sample lubricated with water. Additionally, the optimal friction angle and MoS 2 content were determined as 45° and 1.0   wt.%, respectively. The antifriction mechanism was mainly ascribed to the enhanced transport and storage capabilities by the textures and superior lubricating performance of MoS 2 nanofluids, resulting in greatly improved formation quality of lubricating film and significantly reduced friction and wear.