In this manuscript, the effect of 0.1% Nb addition on the corrosion fatigue behavior of the marine engineering steel has been studied through corrosion fatigue experiments, electrochemical hydrogen charging, and a series of microscopic characterization methods. The results show that BM steel has a high corrosion fatigue sensitivity in the marine environment. Compared to BM steel, the corrosion fatigue sensitivity of 0.1   Nb steel is reduced by 8% in the marine environment, and it reduced by 40% in the hydrogen charging environment. 0.1% Nb adding inhibits hydrogen concentration in local areas by forming irreversible hydrogen traps NbC and by improving the microstructure, and it lowers the diffusible hydrogen content and total hydrogen content inside the steel by inhibiting electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction to hold back the corrosion fatigue crack initiation and propagation, thereby improving the ability of resisting corrosion fatigue cracking for the marine engineering steel.