An extreme-pressure lubricating composition comprises a lubricating oil having a viscosity between 30 and 55 S.U.S. at 210 DEG F., 0.5-6 per cent by weight of pentachlorphenol and 0.5-10 per cent by weight of an oil-soluble trialkyl, triaryl, dialkyl monoaryl, or monoalkyl diaryl phosphate or phosphite. Suitable phosphates or phosphites are tributyl, triphenyl, tricresyl, dicresyl monobutyl and monophenyl dibutyl phosphates or phosphites. The composition may contain additional ingredients such as corrosion inhibitors, detergents and antioxidants. In the examples, mineral lubricating oil compositions are described containing pentachlorphenol and tributyl or tricresyl phosphate. For comparison purposes, mineral lubricating oil compositions are described containing (a) phosphosulphurized bright stock, (b) chlorinated camphene, (c) a mixture of chlorinated paraffin wax and dibenzyl disulphide or (d) pentachlorphenol.

Water soluble lubricant compositions comprising alkanolamine and organic acid are improved by employing as the organic acid a partial acid amide of a dicarboxylic acid, such as mono-PRIMENE 81 R amide of succinic acid, mono-di-2-ethylhexylamide of maleic acid, mono-di-2-ethylhexylamide of methyltetrahydrophthalic acid and mono-di-2-ethylhexylamide of methylhexahydrophthalic acid as the organic acid.

The present invention is directed to methods of producing reduced viscosity oleaginous compositions containing Group I-B, II-A and II-B metal, particularly copper and/or zinc, salts of the product of a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of at least 600 which has been substituted with at least one dicarboxylic acid producing moiety per polyolefin molecule, wherein the metal salt product is contacted with lower aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines having from 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms per molecule. The compositions of the present invention can also provide increased stability to viscosity growth, e.g. during storage of the materials prepared by the process of this invention. The resulting solutions are useful in lubricating oils as additives, e.g., as antioxidant lube oil additives.

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The invention herein is concerned with new compositions of matter made by (1) reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with an amide and (2) reacting this product with a nitrogen-containing compound, and lubricant compositions containing same. The compositions reduce friction to a greater extent than lubricants containing no additive and, when placed in lubricating oils and used in an internal combustion engine, fuel consumption is reduced.

Using a novel process of one or more combined steps, modified novel block copolymers are prepared by alkylating or hydrogenating a block copolymer precursor containing at least two segments, in which segment A consists of a styrene polymer, either styrene alone or a hydrogenated random butadiene-styrene copolymer and from 1% to about 50% by weight of segment B being an alkylene oxide or sulfide copolymerized with the first segment as an AB or BAB copolymer. These novel copolymers perform as multifunctional additives in industrial organic compositions, both hydrocarbon fluids, such as petroleum-derived, and non-hydrocarbon, or synthetic fluids, providing such utility as detergency, emulsification and viscosity index improvement. These copolymers have molecular weights in the range of from about 1,000 to 500,000. The copolymers are particularly useful in lubricating oils, greases and fuels, especially cross-graded lubricants, crude oils, diesel oils, gasoline and fuel oils. Copolymers capped with metal diisocyanate have excellent thermal and oxidative stability.

In the dewaxing of mineral oils there is added to the oil prior to filtering off the precipitated wax a dewaxing aid, preferably in an amount of 0,001-2% by weight, comprising a copolymer of a copolymerizable monomer and at least one ester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic alcohol. The copolymerizable monomer may be an ester of vinyl alcohol, or an ester of a monohydric alcohol and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, or an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon, or an unsaturated nitrile, or an anhydride of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. The ester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, for example maleic or fumaric acid, may be derived from a C1-C20 alcohol, and may be a mixture of monoesters or a mixture of monoesters and diesters. The dewaxing aid may be admixed with the condensation product of chlorinated paraffinic hydrocarbon and a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon or phenol, or with the condensation product of an unsaturated hydrocarbon and the ester of an unsaturated alcohol.ALSO:A copolymer is prepared by copolymerizing a fumarate of a C8-C18 alcohol, butyl fumarate, butyl acid maleate, and vinyl acetate, in the presence of azodi-isobutyronitrile as a catalyst and a paraffin oil of viscosity index 113 and viscosity at 99.8 DEG C. of 5.1 centistokes as diluting oil.

A process for making a poly(alkyl epoxide). The process has the step of polymerizing one or more alkyl epoxide monomers in the presence of a cationic catalyst according to the following sequences: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen or alkyl moieties that, taken together, have a total of 1 to 80 carbons; wherein any of R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be linear or branched if it is an alkyl moiety; wherein “m” is an integer from 1 to 4; and wherein “n” is an integer from 2 to 120. There is also another process for making a poly(alkyl epoxide) using an initiator. There are also poly(alkyl epoxides). There is also a lubricant composition having a first lubricant base stock of one or more poly(alkyl epoxides) and a second lubricant base stock different than the first lubricant base stock.

The invention comprises the product obtained by heating a sulphurized terpene or a mixture of sulphurized terpenes, formed by reacting a terpene or a mixture of terpenes and sulphur, with elemental phosphorus, e.g. red phosphorus. The terpene may be a monocyclic terpene-preferably commercial dipentene-or a dicyclic terpene, e.g. alphapinene. The sulphurized terpene may be prepared by heating the terpene with an amount ranging from 1.5 to 2 atoms of elemental sulphur per mol. of terpene, e.g. at a temperature of 135 DEG to 200 DEG C. The sulphurization step is preferably carried out in the presence of a rubber vulcanization inhibitor, e.g. tetramethyl thiuram disulphide, a mercapto-benzthiazole or diphenyl guanidine. The sulphurized terpene product is preferably stripped of its more volatile portions by steam distillation either prior to or after heating with elemental phosphorus. The amount of phorphorus used may vary between 1 and 10 per cent by weight based on the weight of sulphurized terpene. A suitable temperature for reaction with the phosphorus is 110 DEG to 200 DEG C., preferably 125 DEG to 175 DEG C., and the heating may be for a period from 1 to 8 hours particularly 2 to 5 hours. The final product can be purified by dissolving it in a suitable volatile solvent, removing unreacted phosphorus by filtration and then recovering the product from the solvent, e.g. by vacuum distillation. In the examples sulphurized dipentene is reacted with phosphorus. Specification 688,293 is referred to.ALSO:A composition containing a lubricating oil and a minor proportion of the product obtained by heating a sulphurized terpene or a mixture of sulphurized terpenes formed by reacting a terpene or a mixture of terpenes and sulphur, with elemental phosphorus. The amount of product used is preferably less than 5 per cent and particularly less than 1 per cent based on the weight of lubricating oil. The terpene may be a monocyclic terpene-preferably commercial dipentene or a dicyclic terpene, e.g. alphapinene. Suitable lubricating oils are mineral oils or synthetic ester type oils, e.g. adipates or sebacates of alcohols in the C7 to C10 range or esters prepared from glycols or polyglycols, aliphatic dibasic acids and monohydric alcohols or monobasic acids as chain terminators. In the examples compositions are prepared by adding the product obtained by heating sulphurized dipentene with phosphorus to a synthetic type of aviation lubricant and to mineral oil which may also contain the barium salt of p-iso-octyl phenol sulphide and calcium mahogany sulphonates. Specification 688,293 is referred to.

The anti-shudder durability of power transmitting fluids, particularly automatic transmission fluids, is improved by incorporating a combination of low potency friction modifiers and phosphorus-containing compounds. The anti-shudder durability of these fluids may be further enhanced by inclusion of a metallic detergent and/or a polyol ester friction modifier.